sp-acj4-154-real true

category simplipy-f64-edge

Summary

Given

\(x \in \mathbb{R}\)

Claim

\(\displaystyle \arccos\left(\cos\left(\sin x\right)\right) = \left|\sin x\right|\)

Expected

true equal at every admissible point

the two sides are equal at every admissible point

SimpliPy acj-4 (MIT) rules_real.json[154]: acos cos sin _0 -> abs sin _0

Lean proof: included

Answers (latest run per system; open code for the reproducer that ran)

system outcome answer steps (from the trace) s run query (as sent) detail

none

always-none no verdict null 0.0 2026-10-13 17:21:18 ba9dc4def822 (real x) ⊢ (= (acos (cos (sin x))) (abs (sin x))) null

sympy

sympy-ask no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · ask → None 0.107 2026-10-13 17:21:19 ba9dc4def822 Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = ask(Q.positive(W**2 + 1), Q.real(W))
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Assum = And(Q.real(x))
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
# not Q.eq: in SymPy 1.14 ask(Q.eq(x**2, x), Q.real(x)) is wrongly False
Answer = ask(Q.zero(Residual), Assum)
print(Residual, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
ask	`Q.zero(Residual)`	→	`None`
answer			`null`

sympy-ask no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · ask → None 0.03 2026-10-12 21:54:02 ee702ae2fe06 Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = ask(Q.positive(W**2 + 1), Q.real(W))
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Assum = And(Q.real(x))
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
# not Q.eq: in SymPy 1.14 ask(Q.eq(x**2, x), Q.real(x)) is wrongly False
Answer = ask(Q.zero(Residual), Assum)
print(Residual, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
ask	`Q.zero(Residual)`	→	`None`
answer			`null`

sympy-refine no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · refine → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) 0.045 2026-10-13 17:22:30 ba9dc4def822 Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = refine(Abs(W), Q.positive(W))
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Assum = And(Q.real(x))
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
Result = refine(Residual, Assum)
# true iff the result is 0; false only if it is a definite nonzero number
Answer = True if Result == 0 else False if (Result.is_number and Result.is_finite and Result.is_zero is False) else None
print(Result, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
refine	`refine(Residual, Assum)`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
answer			`null`

sympy-refine no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · refine → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) 0.053 2026-10-12 21:54:16 ee702ae2fe06 Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = refine(Abs(W), Q.positive(W))
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Assum = And(Q.real(x))
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
Result = refine(Residual, Assum)
# true iff the result is 0; false only if it is a definite nonzero number
Answer = True if Result == 0 else False if (Result.is_number and Result.is_finite and Result.is_zero is False) else None
print(Result, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
refine	`refine(Residual, Assum)`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
answer			`null`

sympy-simplify no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · simplify → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) 0.06 2026-10-13 17:24:01 ba9dc4def822 Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = simplify(sin(W)**2 + cos(W)**2)
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
Result = simplify(Residual)
# true iff the result is 0; false only if it is a definite nonzero number
Answer = True if Result == 0 else False if (Result.is_number and Result.is_finite and Result.is_zero is False) else None
print(Result, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
simplify	`simplify(Residual)`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
answer			`null`

sympy-simplify no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · simplify → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) 0.062 2026-10-12 21:54:43 ee702ae2fe06 Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = simplify(sin(W)**2 + cos(W)**2)
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
Result = simplify(Residual)
# true iff the result is 0; false only if it is a definite nonzero number
Answer = True if Result == 0 else False if (Result.is_number and Result.is_finite and Result.is_zero is False) else None
print(Result, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
simplify	`simplify(Residual)`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
answer			`null`

wolfram

wolfram-fullsimplify no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.588 2026-10-13 17:24:42 ba9dc4def822 Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = FullSimplify[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = FullSimplify[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`FullSimplify[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

wolfram-refine no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.022 2026-10-13 17:24:31 ba9dc4def822 Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = Refine[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = Refine[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`Refine[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

wolfram-simplify no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.032 2026-10-13 17:24:17 ba9dc4def822 Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = Simplify[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = Simplify[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`Simplify[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

Older runs (11)

system outcome answer steps (from the trace) s run query (as sent) detail

wolfram-fullsimplify no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.592 2026-10-13 16:43:00 3ba0dfac4bca Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = FullSimplify[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = FullSimplify[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`FullSimplify[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

wolfram-refine no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.023 2026-10-13 16:42:50 3ba0dfac4bca Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = Refine[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = Refine[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`Refine[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

wolfram-simplify no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.032 2026-10-13 16:42:35 3ba0dfac4bca Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = Simplify[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = Simplify[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`Simplify[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

sympy-simplify no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · simplify → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) 0.059 2026-10-13 16:42:18 3ba0dfac4bca Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = simplify(sin(W)**2 + cos(W)**2)
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
Result = simplify(Residual)
# true iff the result is 0; false only if it is a definite nonzero number
Answer = True if Result == 0 else False if (Result.is_number and Result.is_finite and Result.is_zero is False) else None
print(Result, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
simplify	`simplify(Residual)`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
answer			`null`

sympy-refine no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · refine → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) 0.046 2026-10-13 16:40:40 3ba0dfac4bca Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = refine(Abs(W), Q.positive(W))
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Assum = And(Q.real(x))
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
Result = refine(Residual, Assum)
# true iff the result is 0; false only if it is a definite nonzero number
Answer = True if Result == 0 else False if (Result.is_number and Result.is_finite and Result.is_zero is False) else None
print(Result, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
refine	`refine(Residual, Assum)`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
answer			`null`

always-none no verdict null 0.0 2026-10-13 16:39:28 3ba0dfac4bca (real x) ⊢ (= (acos (cos (sin x))) (abs (sin x))) null

sympy-ask no verdict null difference → -Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x))) · ask → None 0.106 2026-10-13 16:39:28 3ba0dfac4bca Q.real(x) ⊢ Eq(acos(cos(sin(x))), Abs(sin(x))) null

code

setup — not timed

from sympy import *
import sympy

SympyVersion = sympy.__version__
# warm-up: a fixed generic expression, never case content
W = Symbol('W')
Warmup = ask(Q.positive(W**2 + 1), Q.real(W))
# every query then runs in its own forked process, starting from this state:
# the expression caches are dropped (imported and lazily loaded modules stay)
sympy.core.cache.clear_cache()

x = Symbol('x', real=True)
Assum = And(Q.real(x))
Residual = acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))
# not Q.eq: in SymPy 1.14 ask(Q.eq(x**2, x), Q.real(x)) is wrongly False
Answer = ask(Q.zero(Residual), Assum)
print(Residual, Answer, sep='\n')

difference	`acos(cos(sin(x))) - Abs(sin(x))`	→	`-Abs(sin(x)) + acos(cos(sin(x)))`
ask	`Q.zero(Residual)`	→	`None`
answer			`null`

wolfram-fullsimplify no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.597 2026-10-12 21:55:24 ee702ae2fe06 Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = FullSimplify[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = FullSimplify[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`FullSimplify[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

wolfram-refine no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.022 2026-10-12 21:55:14 ee702ae2fe06 Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = Refine[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = Refine[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`Refine[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

always-none no verdict null 0.0 2026-10-12 21:55:00 ee702ae2fe06 (real x) ⊢ (= (acos (cos (sin x))) (abs (sin x))) null

wolfram-simplify no verdict null difference → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] · result → -Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] 0.032 2026-10-12 21:55:00 ee702ae2fe06 Element[x, Reals] ⊢ (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]] == Abs[Sin[x]]) null

code

setup — not timed

(
  $HistoryLength = 0;
  $Messages = {};
  Warmup = Simplify[Sin[W]^2 + Cos[W]^2, Element[W, Reals]];
  GenericWarmup = Quiet[{Simplify[Abs[W] + W, W < 0], Simplify[Sqrt[W^2] - W, W > 0], Refine[Sqrt[W^2], W > 0], Simplify[Log[W V] - Log[W] - Log[V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[Log[-W] - Log[W] - I Pi, W < 0], Simplify[(-1)^(2 W) - 1, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Mod[W + 1, 2], Element[W, Integers] && Element[(W - 1)/2, Integers]], Simplify[ArcTan[W] + ArcTan[1/W] - Pi/2, W > 0], FullSimplify[ArcCot[W] - ArcTan[1/W], W > 0], Simplify[Abs[Exp[I W]] - 1, Element[W, Reals]], Simplify[Re[W] - (W + Conjugate[W])/2], Simplify[Gamma[W + 1] - W!, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0], Simplify[Floor[W] - W, Element[W, Integers]], Simplify[Sqrt[W] Sqrt[V] - Sqrt[W V], W > 0 && V > 0], Simplify[HeavisideTheta[W] - 1, W > 0], Simplify[2^W 2^V - 2^(W + V), Element[W, Reals] && Element[V, Reals]], Simplify[Sum[V, {V, 1, W}] - W (W + 1)/2, Element[W, Integers] && W > 0]}];
  Quiet[Check[Message[General::argx, "W", 0], Null]];
  {$Version, Warmup, Length[GenericWarmup]}
)

(* evaluated in a forked copy of the setup kernel: TimeConstrained would not fire here (no timer thread), so the parent enforces a hard timeout of 9 s by killing this process *)
(
  Assum = (Element[x, Reals]);
  Residual = (ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]]);
  Result = Simplify[Residual, Assum];
  Answer = Which[Result === 0, True, NumericQ[Result] && TrueQ[Result != 0], False, True, Null];
  {Residual, Result, Answer}
)

difference	`(ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]) - (Abs[Sin[x]])`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
result	`Simplify[Residual, Assum]`	→	`-Abs[Sin[x]] + ArcCos[Cos[Sin[x]]]`
answer			`null`

Source (f64-edge.sexp)

(case sp-acj4-154-real (category simplipy-f64-edge)
  (note "SimpliPy acj-4 (MIT) rules_real.json[154]: acos cos sin _0  ->  abs sin _0")
  (var x real)
  (ask (= (acos (cos (sin x))) (abs (sin x))))
  (expect true)
  (lean-proof "obtain ⟨r, rfl⟩ := AE.IsReal.exists hd0; refine ⟨by simp, ?_⟩; rw [AE.sin_ofReal, AE.cos_ofReal, AE.acos_ofReal (Real.neg_one_le_cos _) (Real.cos_le_one _), AE.abs_ofReal, ← Real.cos_abs, Real.arccos_cos (abs_nonneg _) (by linarith [abs_le.mpr ⟨Real.neg_one_le_sin r, Real.sin_le_one r⟩, Real.pi_gt_three])]"))